Нужно отправить PUT запрос.
https://sheets.googleapis.com/v4/spreadsheets/1fLA6fvbjXAziC69hUSduvUnSkSgZxKWJKzaPwtwKDv8/values/Sheet1!A1:D5?valueInputOption=USER_ENTERED
{
"range": "Sheet1!A1:D5",
"majorDimension": "ROWS",
"values": [
["Item", "Cost", "Stocked", "Ship Date"]...